
by: Circe
Article
Discussion Forum
Xena, Buffy
the Vampire Slayer, Lara Croft…. Warrior women mean big entertainment
in today’s society. But is the phenomenon a dream cooked up by
Hollywood and Eidos, or does this dream have a basis in historical
fact?
Countries
all over the world have born witness to women who in addition
to being trained their whole lives to be skilled in the art of
war, have protected their lands and families by raising arms against
an oppressor or even conquering lands themselves in an effort
to gain power. From the mountains of ancient Greece to the noble
houses of Japan these women existed and still exist today.
As recent
as February 1997, evidence
was found on the Eurasian steppes of a set of burial mounds that
yielded skeletons of women buried with weapons, suggesting the
Greek tales of the "Amazon women" may have had some
basis in fact.
The
Amazon women were not the only ones to establish themselves as
a society with female warriors, the women
of Sparta in ancient Greece were also trained as warriors
and allowed
freedom that was a rarity amongst other societies in the ancient
world. In addition, Sparta was one of the most feared city-states
in that region of the world. Warrior
women were by no means relegated to the country of Greece. There
are many many accounts of women warriors from pre-history through
the 19th century from regions that scatter the globe.
Matriarchal
warrior tribes and matrilineal tribal descent are common threads
throughout African history and in
some cases survived into modern times.
Among the
ancient Celts women rulers and warriors
were extremely common. The first recorded effort to bar women
from military participation was a law passed in 590 A.D. at the
synod of Druim Ceat. It proved to be unenforceable when the women
warriors refused to lay down their arms and comply with it.
In Asia
during the Warring States period in Japan, daughters of noble
Japanese families (Bushi
women) were trained in the use of the bow and the naginata,
a glaive-like weapon, both for use in the fields of battle as
well as the protection of the home.
And Joan of
Arc was not the only woman of Medieval Europe
to lead soldiers in battle: Queens, noblewomen and nuns had
been doing so for centuries. Women accompanied all the Crusades.
The First Crusade (1096-1099) included almost equal numbers of
men and women including such famous Queens as Eleanor of Aquitaine,
Eleanor of Castile, Marguerite de Provence, Florine of Denmark
and Berengaria of Navarre.
The list of
warrior women continues throughout world history. Names like Septima
Zenobia, Salaym Bint Malham, Aife of Alba, Maire o Ciaragain,
Graine Ni Maille, Empress Wu Chao, Kogo Jingo, and Pimiku, the
first known ruler of Japan are but a handful of respected leaders
who protected their people in battle. Non-noble women who took
up arms are noted as well such as the two sisters, Amaron and
Kenau Hasselaar, who in 1568 defended the Dutch city of Haarlem
against a Spanish invasion by leading a battalion of 300 women.
American
history has its own women warriors. In 1779, Margaret Corbin became
the first female veteran to receive a military pension. Hundreds
of women, including Deborah Sampson Gannet, alias Private Robert
Shurtleff, disguised themselves as men to fight in the Revolutionary
and Civil Wars. Despite women's historic and modern
role in combat, the debate
over the proper role for women warriors continues today in the
United States.
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The
preponderance of female heroines in computer and
console games seems to show a certain attraction
that both men and women have towards physically
strong female leaders who can physically fight and
outwit their male counterparts. Yet very few people
believe that these women exist and have existed
throughout history. It is society that determines
whether it is acceptable for women to be warriors
or even participate in "violent activities"
and this "role-appointing" is obviously
not the same for all societies. An example of how
role-appointing occurs in children's gaming patterns
is that parents tend to find it acceptable for their
sons to play violent video games but not their daughters.
We
will soon post an article that further discusses
the ability and attraction that many women have
to organizing and leading large groups of people
and establishing "governments" in computer
games. Is this a sleeping gene that is being awakened
within modern women through Role Playing Games like
Asheron’s Call? Tune in to find out.
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What
do YOU think? >>
References:
The
Role of the Arms-Bearing Women in Japanese History by Ellis
Amdur
Warrior
Women of the Eurasian Steppes by Davis-Kimball
Tufts
University: Perseus Project
Women's
Life in Greece and Rome by Lefkowitz and Fant
Women
of the Celts by Jean Markale
The
Egyptian Economy and Non-royal Women: Their Status in Public Life
Black
Women in Antiquity. by Sertima, Ivan Van
Seth, Ronald (ed.). Milestones in Japanese History
GenderGap
Website
Recommended
Reading:
Women
Warlords : An Illustrated Military History of Female Warriors
Reviews the myths and facts surrounding the most important historical
female groups and individuals in Europe and South America who
have been involved in warfare.
Battle
Cries and Lullabies : Women in War from Prehistory to the Present
Covers women in combat, women as spies, nurses, and camp followers.
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